cut

The cut command selects specified character positions or fields from each input line. It works best with consistently structured text whose delimiters and field positions are known.

Create a small tab-separated file for the examples. printf interprets \t as a literal tab and \n as a newline:

$ printf 'name\trole\nalice\tadmin\nbob\tviewer\n' > team.tsv

Selecting Character Positions

Use -c LIST to select positions from each line. Positions start at 1:

$ cut -c 1 team.tsv
n
a
b

The list can contain individual positions and ranges:

$ cut -c 1-4 team.tsv
name
alic
bob
$ cut -c 1,3 team.tsv
nm
ai
bb

Spaces, tabs, and punctuation occupy positions too. cut processes each line independently.

CheckWhich command prints the first character from every line of names.txt?

cut -c 1 names.txt cut -f 1 names.txt cut -d 1 names.txt

Selecting Tab-Delimited Fields

Use -f LIST to select fields. The default delimiter is a tab:

$ cut -f 2 team.tsv
role
admin
viewer

As with character selection, a list can include values such as 1, 1,3, 2-4, -3, or 2-.

CheckWhich command prints the second tab-delimited field from every line of team.tsv?

cut -c 2 team.tsv cut -f 2 team.tsv cut -d 2 team.tsv

Choosing a Custom Delimiter

Use -d CHARACTER with -f when fields use a delimiter other than a tab. This example creates semicolon-separated data:

$ printf 'alice;admin\nbob;viewer\n' > team.txt
$ cut -d ';' -f 1 team.txt
alice
bob

The delimiter for this form is one character. Quote ; because an unquoted semicolon has control meaning in the shell.

CheckWhich command prints the second semicolon-delimited field from team.txt?

cut -d ':' -f 2 team.txt cut -d ';' -f 2 team.txt cut -c 2 -f ';' team.txt

Handling Lines without the Delimiter

In field mode, cut normally prints a line unchanged when it contains no delimiter. Add -s to suppress those lines:

$ printf 'alice;admin\nheader\nbob;viewer\n' | cut -s -d ';' -f 2
admin
viewer

This does not validate a general CSV file. CSV can contain quoted delimiters, embedded newlines, and escaping rules that a single-character split does not understand; use a CSV-aware tool for such data.

CheckWhat does -s do with cut -d ':' -f 1?

It sorts the selected fields before printing them. It treats consecutive delimiters as one separator. It suppresses lines that contain no selected delimiter.

Reading from stdin

When no file is named, or when - is used as an input operand, cut reads stdin. That makes it a natural pipeline stage:

$ printf 'red:1\nblue:2\n' | cut -d ':' -f 1
red
blue

CheckIn generate-data | cut -d ':' -f 1, where does cut read its input?

From the stdout of generate-data through the pipe. From a file whose literal name is generate-data. From cut's standard error stream.

To practice positional and field selection, try these hands-on labs:

1. Linux cut Command: Text Cutting - This lab provides a direct, hands-on introduction to the cut command, allowing you to practice extracting specific columns or fields from text files, just as discussed in the lesson.
2. Sequence Control and Pipeline - Enhance your command-line efficiency by learning to control command execution sequences, utilize pipelines, and leverage powerful text processing tools like cut, grep, wc, sort, and uniq.

Summary

You can now select predictable positions from line-oriented text with cut.

1. Select individual character positions or ranges.
2. Extract tab-delimited fields with -f.
3. Supply a one-character delimiter with -d.
4. Suppress undelimited lines when appropriate.
5. Read structured text from files or stdin.